Ultimately, the Dutch consumer group Stichting Massaschade & Consument, representing 1.7 million Dutch Playstation users, makes the same claim that the regulators are making against dominant tech platforms like Apple and Google, who wield market abusive, and likely illegal, powers over digital ecosystems.
Uniquely here, the case represents the consumer’s fight for fairness following the February launch of the “Fair PlayStation” campaign that criticizes the “Sony tax” where digital games are allegedly priced up to 47% higher despite lower distribution costs. The lawsuits, if successful, could not only force Sony to compensate affected users, it would also open Sony to third party game stores and prove a vital cornerstone in the developer’s fight for market access against big corporations.
What Happened?
Sony’s digital ecosystem is closed by design: PlayStation users can only purchase games and add-ons through the official PlayStation Store, while third-party resellers like Amazon or Green Man Gaming are completely excluded. This gives Sony complete control over pricing and distribution, along with a standard 30% commission on all digital sales.
This setup results in limited consumer choice and higher prices - commonly referred to as the “Sony Tax.” While physical PlayStation games remain available through retailers with competitive pricing, the same is not true for digital content. Sony sells two PS5 models: a Standard Edition with a disc drive and a Digital Edition without one. Owners of the Digital Edition are fully locked into Sony’s digital-only ecosystem. Additionally, since 2019, Sony has banned third-party sales of digital game codes, preventing developers from offering their games directly or through alternative platforms.
What This Means for Game Developers?
Sony’s digital policies tightly restrict how developers can price, promote, and distribute their games. Independent discounts, regional pricing, and time-limited promotions all require Sony’s approval, while selling digital codes through developers’ own websites or third-party platforms is prohibited - practices common on PC and Xbox.
This creates a single point of access - the PlayStation store - where visibility and revenue opportunities are tightly controlled. Placement depends entirely on Sony’s algorithm and editorial discretion - a barrier for many indie and mid-sized studios. With no option to drive external traffic or leverage affiliate marketing, discoverability becomes yet another gate that only Sony can open.
This lack of alternative sales channels leaves developers fully exposed to Sony’s standard 30% commission, with no way to offset it through direct sales or discounted offers, limiting both pricing flexibility and growth potential compared to other platforms.
Is the “Walled Garden” and “Sony Tax” illegal?
Under EU competition law, companies with a dominant market position are strictly prohibited from abusing that power to the detriment of consumers or competition. The key legal provision is Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), which bans abusive practices such as excessive pricing and unfair trading conditions. Dutch law reflects this through Article 24 of the Dutch Competition Act, which mirrors the principles of Article 102.
Legally, the Dutch Consumer Foundation argues that Sony controls about 80% of the console market in the Netherlands and has abused this dominant position by restricting developers and resellers from offering digital PlayStation games outside the PlayStation Store. They claim this has created an artificially closed market that inflates prices and harms consumer choice. According to their research, digital PlayStation games can cost up to 47% more than physical copies.
If upheld in court, this pricing model could be considered excessive pricing under Article 102 TFEU - a form of exploitative abuse - particularly if Sony’s digital prices are found to significantly exceed what would be expected in a competitive market.
Beyond Article 102, the EU’s Digital Markets Act (DMA), which came into effect in 2023, introduces new rules targeting large online platforms classified as “gatekeepers,” including Sony’s PlayStation Store. The DMA mandates fair and transparent pricing, prohibits self-preferential treatment, and aims to foster cross-border competition within the EU’s digital single market. This legislation enhances regulatory oversight and restricts the kind of closed ecosystem Sony has built around digital game sales.
What’s Next?
The first court hearing is expected later this year, beginning with the Dutch court assessing whether it has jurisdiction and whether the consumer foundation can represent the class. Cases like this can take several years to resolve, especially if appeals follow an initial ruling.
If the court ultimately grants the claims, the foundation expects that Sony could be required not only to open its platform to third-party digital game sellers, but also to compensate millions of Dutch consumers for alleged overcharges. A ruling in favor of the plaintiffs could also set a legal precedent for similar lawsuits in other EU countries, putting further pressure on Sony - and possibly other platform operators - to reform their digital distribution models.
While Sony is battling similar cases also in England and Portugal, this case arrives at a moment of mounting political will to rein in digital gatekeepers. With laws like the EU’s Digital Markets Act (DMA) already targeting tech giants like Apple and Google, Sony may now find itself drawn into a broader regulatory push for platform accountability and consumer and game developer choice. Whether driven by regulators or consumers, the message is becoming clear: the era of closed ecosystems is under challenge.
